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Golf Balls -- The Science Behind The Dimples
by Susan Chiang
The dynamics behind the flight of the golf ball offers a fascinating insight into the physical interworkings of air pressure, turbulence, and aerodynamics.
When golf was first played in Scotland, most players played using clumsy golf apparatus, with the first golf clubs and golf balls made of wood.
In 1618 the 'Featherie' was introduced. It was a golf ball made of feather. This feather golf ball was handcrafted from goose feathers tightly pressed into a horse or cowhide sphere while still wet. After drying, the leather shrank and the feathers expanded, creating a hardened golf ball.
As this type of golf ball was specially handcrafted, it was usually more expensive than golf clubs, so that only a few privileged people could afford to play golf back then.
After the Featherie golf ball came the Guttie golf ball. This type of golf ball was made from the rubber-like sap of the Gutta tree found in the tropics, and was shaped into a sphere when hot and eventually into a golf ball. As it was made of rubber, the Guttie golf ball could be cheaply produced and easily repaired by reheating and reshaping.
Comparing the two types of golf balls, the Featherie golf ball was said to travel farther than the Guttie golf ball because the Guttie golf balls smooth surface prevented it from covering more distance.
With this discovery, the developers of golf balls came up with the 'dimpled' golf balls that are so predominant in modern golf nowadays.
The dimples on the golf balls help reduce the aerodynamic drag. Aerodynamic drag normally affects smooth golf balls and slows them down, because when they sail through the air, they leave a pocket of low-pressure air in its stir thus creating a drag.
By applying dimples to the golf ball surface, the pressure differential goes down and the drag force is reduced. These dimples create turbulence in the air surrounding the golf ball, which, in turn, forces the air to clasp the golf ball more closely. By doing so, the air trails the warp created by the golf ball towards the back instead of flowing past it. This results in a smaller wake and lesser drag.
Dimples were first added onto golf ball surfaces back during the gutta percha phase. Coburn Haskell introduced the one-piece rubber cored golf ball encased in a gutta percha sphere. Then in 1905 William Taylor applied the dimple pattern to a Haskell golf ball, thus giving rise to the modern golf ball as we know it today.
After its beginning, dimpled golf balls were officially used in every golf tournament. In 1921, the golf ball took its current form with standard size and weight. Nowadays there is a wide range of golf balls to fit every style, game and condition, with some golf balls offering control, and other golf balls offering distance.
Though a common sight nowadays, the dimpled golf ball is not just a mere element of the sports arena; it is a showcase of physics at work.
For a more comprehensive look at golf and golf equipment, drop by Susans site Golf Ball City. Other informative sports related articles are available at Shopping Palace and Niche Weblog.
Hints On Golf Putters
The key to hitting the ball farther with the modern driver and golf ball (which spins much less off of a flat face than balls of the past) is high launch combined with a low spin rate. Our goal is to get enough spin to achieve lift, while minimizing (hopefully eliminating) drag.
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To keep other body movements from moving the swing center keep your weight to the inside of your feet. Never allow this weight to transfer outside as this will pull you out of position. Allow the rotation of the shoulders and arms to carry the club to the top of the backswing. These are some key points that will give you feedback in understanding how to feel the proper swing center.
...PGA
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Long Arms. Soft arms are fast arms, and you don�t want them moving independently of the body. Instead, the arms must be thrown out and extended by a proper pivot.
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Today's Golf News
Titleist Announces Holiday Free Personalization
Tue, 19 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT
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What To Look For When Choosing The Right Golf Bag
By: http://www.birdgolf.com/
When you are gearing up for that first school experience, there is one thing that you do not want to be without: the perfect golf bags. Gear bags are not only essential in that they hold your clubs, shoes, and other accessories, they are also, like any other type of luggage, a reflection of your individual tastes, style, and personality. Some people carry very little in their bags, while others like to show up for their school lessons with an extra set of clubs, four bottles of water, two pairs of shoes, four towels, and a first aid kit. This is why taking the time to discover which type of carrying case is right for you is so important.
For those who prefer a walking game, there are several lightweight models and designs available that are strong and user friendly. These are designed to carry just the basics, and allow for the versatility of a walking game with the ability to carry clubs with greater ease. The style you choose can be anything from a basic, no frills color scheme, to a bright, bouncy hue, although you should keep in mind that while on the fairway, austere colors are really considered to be more par for the course, particularly for the professionals and those who aspire to become professionals.
For those who know that you prefer a cart, then you will want to find one that is specially designed for this purpose, i.e. to fit securely in the cart without tipping over. In this case, the weight of the bag does not matter as much, since you will not be carrying it around on your back, but it is usually a good idea to carry a small, lightweight carry style bag for just the bare essentials so that you will not have to drive your cart to every hole.
The lucky ones have caddies to carry their gear for them, but for most of us, while at school and otherwise, do not have this privilege. If you do, then the weight is not an issue unless you notice that your caddie is having trouble lifting it. Otherwise, remember that even if your bag is strapped to your cart, and especially if you choose a carry bag for your walking game, less is always more.
Last, but not least, price is always a factor. Though it goes without saying that the more money you spend, the more special features and customization options your bag will likely have, but remember, it is not a direct part of your game, its just an accessory to enhance your game presence and keep you from having to carry an armload of clubs across the course.
To learn more about the proper equipment for your golf school enrollment visit our site http://www.birdgolf.com/
More Info On Golf training Aid
Give Your Spine The Forearm
Make sure you're on-plane at the top of the swing to guarantee solid ballstriking and increased accuracy. Notice in the photo at left how my right forearm is parallel to my spine, my left wrist is flat and my elbows and arms form a tight triangle. These are indications that I've rotated my shoulders into the backswing perfectly.
...Golf Tips magazine
Concentration
Sometimes it's hard to stop your mind playing tricks during a round of golf. You think, "If I make this shot I've only got an easy putt to make a birdie". That's when things go wrong. You need to stay in the present. I do this by focusing on something like a red shirt in the crowd or a really beautiful tree. That might sound funny but it makes you think what is happening right now. Not what went before or what is going to happen.
...BBC golf
Golf Clubs - Fairway Woods
Course conditions can influence the specifications of a golfer's equipment. This isn't a secret. We often hear of Tour players choosing wedges with more or less bounce, from week to week, to meet changing conditions in bunkers, for example.
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The simple way to learn the proper feel of your swing center is to place a golf ball on the ground and, with sun to your back, take your stance in a position whereby the shadow of your head covers the ball. As you swing, keep your eyes on the shadow. During the swing the shadow will move slightly, however if it moves off the ball you have lost the correct swing center. If the shadow remains on the ball you have kept the swing in the correct position. Repeat this excellent drill daily so as to reinforce good habits that will yield the reults you seek.
...PGA
Golf Related News
Tour Players Discuss the New Titleist PT 906F2 Fairway Metal
Wed, 13 Sep 2006 00:00:00 GMT
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Tour players, including <a span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 11
px; font-weight:none; color:#A40101;"href="/players/playersequipment.asp?playerid=76">Steve Stricker</a>, <a span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 11
px; font-weight:none; color:#A40101;"href="/players/playersequipment.asp?playerid=58">Billy Mayfair</a>, <a span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 11
px; font-weight:none; color:#A40101;" href="/players/playersequipment.asp?playerid=415">Jason Bohn</a> and <a span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 11
px; font-weight:none; color:#A40101;"href="/players/playersequipment.asp?playerid=184">Robert Gamez</a> discuss the new <a span style="font-family: Arial, Verdana, Helvetica; font-size: 11
px; font-weight:none; color:#A40101;" href="/golfclubs/fairways/906F2.asp?bhcp=1">Titleist PT 906F2 fairway metal</a>, a Tour-inspired fairway metal that allows for crisp, solid contact from a variety of turf conditions.
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Thu, 24 May 2007 00:00:00 GMT
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Golf Training Impact - Are Golf Impact Indicators Any Good?
By Kevin McNally
Golf Training aid suppliers must love the emergence of programs such as the golf channel that highlight the many flaws in our golf game! It is almost becoming a fashion accessory to have the latest golf training aid. The latest one on the market which is a golf impact indicator is golfdust. There are may other golf training aids on the market but how accurate are they? Golf accuracy is hard to measure as so many golf players are at different skill levels.
Indeed it could be true that many golfers are unable to improve much even using techniques such as golfdust and golf impact indicators. You still need to put in the hours and dedication to your golf game and golf dust training will enhance this practice providing you learn from your mistakes!
The golf training aid business is booming with many golf impact indicators and training aids being endorsed by professionals. However it is probably wise to consult your club professional first as they will have a better idea of the golf equipment that will suit your handicap.
As in life, golf training aids come in all shapes and sizes! You can pick up putting training aids, driving training aids, pitching training aids and a golf impact indicator. Remember that everyone has their own technique so not all golf equipment will suit your game.
With practice and the correct mindset there is no doubt that golf training aids will improve your golf game. Once you have improved your game why not enjoy a golfing holiday in the sun and impress your golfing partners!
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Hints On Golf Equipment
A Portable GPS Unit
These impressive devices are reliable and easy to use. Some even allow you to measure your drives.
...Golf Tips magazine
Low-Cost Alternatives
If golf sounds like a great idea, the sticking point to getting started can all too often be cost. After all, you need clubs, balls, tees, and in the case of many clubs a strict dress code must be adhered to that makes entry into the sport appear prohibitive. However, it is essential that such enthusiasm should be nurtured by means of the opportunities afforded by low-cost alternatives. So why not start out by identifying the location of the local driving range, or a municipal course run by the council that will be relatively cheap in terms both of green fees and the hire of clubs.
...mastering golf UK
Golf Related News
Titleist Launches 906F4 Fairway Metals
Wed, 15 Aug 2007 00:00:00 GMT
Provide Higher Launch and Ball Flight from the Tee or Turf
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Featured Golf Article
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Practice the Right Way for Maximum Results In Less Time!
By: Bobby Lopez, PGA
The Process
Before beginning any drill motion, be sure you are set up properly. As you now know, good alignment and address are prerequisites for a good swing motion. By the time you practice your swing, you should have developed these setup skills (through the same kind of deliberate, conscientious practice procedures).
Some of these drills can be practiced anywhere. Some can be practiced without a club, some with a club but no ball. You will be surprised by the results of this �dummy� practice. However, for your time at the range we recommend practicing in the following manner.
Before we begin to analyze your swing motion, we need to agree on the method for making repairs. You must trust our years of experience in golf instruction and follow the plan as prescribed. Also, practice means just that, practice. NEVER PRACTICE WHILE ATTEMPTING TO SCORE ON THE GOLF COURSE! Let the practice and drill work merge into your golf game naturally.
First, isolate the problem motion or position. Assign a repetition drill or �antidote� motion that will replace the current swing fault. This can only take place through careful, thoughtful and disciplined repetition of the assigned drill. Doing the drills without hitting a golf ball can be preferable.
Range Practice
At the range, begin each drill with a �ghost� motion. This is a slow, deliberate run-through of the motion you intend to develop. It is a dry run. You should perform the ghost motion three times before hitting a ball.
Next, practice the drill itself using a ball. Then incorporate the drill into a full swing motion as you hit the ball.
After hitting a ball, DO NOT immediately reach for another golf ball. Instead, take inventory of your swing motion. First observe the flight of the ball. Watch it all the way to the ground. As you are doing this, analyze your finishing position. Did you finish in balance? Do you have good posture? Is all your weight resting comfortably on your front foot? Is your chest facing the target? Is your grip in the same position as when you started the swing?
This self-critique is vital. The information you gain makes all the difference in the world. If you don�t ask these questions, you will soon be practicing without focus. Repeating the drill improperly, without awareness, will do more harm than good.
Don�t be embarrassed to practice this way at the range. What you are doing is far more effective than unconsciously banging away at range balls as most players do. We call those guys �basket-cases,� because they are constantly dragging from the basket another ball with which to bury their swing potential. Perhaps, one day, everyone will have
enough understanding to practice properly. Until then, be willing to be a maverick.
Once again, the range practice method is as follows:
(1) Check your setup position before beginning the drill. Pound the importance of good preparation into your head every chance you get.
(2) Perform the drill three times without using a ball. Visualize the motion and absorb the physical sensation of doing it properly.
(3) Perform the drill with a ball. This means you will execute only the drill, not a completed swing motion. DO NOT worry about ball flight. Most people try so hard to hit the ball far, they lose sight of the drill on which they are working.
(4) Hit with a full swing. Incorporate the motion practiced in the drill into your full swing motion. Concentrate. When you finish, take the time to evaluate your motion. A proper finishing position is just as important as a proper address. The address is a forecast of what will happen � the finish is a summary of what happened. The finish is a history lesson. It is a lesson you must learn if you are to improve.
This practice procedure may sound laborious. It does take a little work to hold your focus. However, we promise you will find the whole thing much more enjoyable and rewarding than the old �grip and go.� A �mindless� attitude can help on the golf course, not on the practice range.
Article Source: http://www.golfarticles.net
Get a FREE online golf lesson from the Golf Swami at: Bobby Lopez, PGA Bobby Lopez and the G-TEAM (757) 382-5500 bobbylopez@bobbylopezgolf.com www.bobbylopezgolf.com golftipsbobbylopez.blogspot.com/
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More Golf News
Tour Players Talk About the New 905R Driver
Thu, 02 Mar 2006 00:00:00 GMT
See what Titleist staff players Davis Love III, Adam Scott and Zach Johnson are saying about the New Pro Titanium 905R driver.
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